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Laptops usually run on batteries, but also from adapters which also charge the battery using mains electricity. * Notebooks weighing around 5 kg are sometimes termed desknotes (desktop/notebook). * Clevo Similarly it is often possible to wirelessly connect a laptop using a cellphone as a modem. Infra-red, USB and Bluetooth solutions are available. The same caveats regarding price of service apply. Another claim to be the "first laptop" was made by a novice programmer Thomas Kelly in 1982. While it was made to be used upon one's lap, it weighed 150 pounds, and therefore could not be deemed truly portable. * Tadpole - SPARCbook The first commercially available portable computer was the Osborne 1 in 1981, which used the CP/M operating system. Although it was large and heavy compared to today's laptops, with a tiny CRT monitor, it had a near-revolutionary impact on business, as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time. This and other "luggables" were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer, the Xerox NoteTaker, developed at Xerox PARC in 1976; however, only ten prototypes were built. The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine, and importantly could be carried on a commercial aircraft. However, it was not possible to run the Osborne on batteries; it had to be plugged in. * Voodoo PC - Envy

Some computer novices assume that laptops are constantly connected to the Internet, even (for example) while located on moving vehicles. This is a myth perpetuated by many commercials, where a person is shown using the company's website from a laptop with no wires plugged into it. This is possible via Wi-Fi or related technologies, but most laptops do not maintain a constant connection to the Internet. The growth of Metropolitan area networks may render a constant connection possible in the future. However, most modern mid-range laptops have integrated WiFi, so only require access to a wireless router to connect to the internet or a wireless hotspot. Laptop performance has been inferior to desktops for the same price. Desktops have outperformed mobile computers because new technologies expend more heat. These new technologies take time to transfer over to the laptop market because of its smaller package. While desktops continue to outperform notebooks at the high end, both types of systems generally offer sufficient performance for the mainstream. This still existent difference in performance continues to be minimized. * Clevo * Clevo * Improved liquid crystal display design, in particular active-matrix display technology, and increasingly, color screens. Early laptop screens were black and white or grayscale passive-matrix LCD displays prone to heavy shadows and blurry movement (some portable computer screens were sharper monochrome plasma displays, but these drew too much current to be powered by batteries). Improvements in production technology meant displays became larger, sharper, had higher display resolution, and could display color with great accuracy, making them an acceptable substitute for a traditional CRT monitor. * Toshiba - Dynabook, Equium, Portege, Tecra, Satellite, Qosmio, Libretto Similarly it is often possible to wirelessly connect a laptop using a cellphone as a modem. Infra-red, USB and Bluetooth solutions are available. The same caveats regarding price of service apply.

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1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Although it was at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who saw its potential and marketed it as the Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201, and [1] Radio Shack TRS-80_Model_100_line or Tandy 100. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. The Tandy's internal programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a terminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and are thought to have been written in part by Bill Gates himself. The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8×40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US $300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed less than 2 kg (4 lb) with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 x 8.5 x 1.75 inches). Initial specs included 8 kb of RAM (expandable to 24 kb) and a 3 MHz processor. Laptops are capable of many of the same tasks that desktop computers perform, although they are typically less powerful for the same price. Laptops contain components that are similar to those in their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption. Laptops usually have liquid crystal displays and use SO-DIMM (Small Outline DIMM) modules (rather than the larger DIMMs used in desktop computers) for their RAM. In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external mouse or keyboard can usually be attached. * Compaq - EVO, Armada, LTE, and Presario * Power-saving processors. While laptops in 1991 were limited to the slower 80286 processor because of the energy demands of the more powerful 80386, the introduction of the Intel 386SX processor, designed for the specific power needs of laptops, marked the point at which laptop needs were included in processor design. * Gericom Two other noteworthy early laptops were the Sharp PC-5000 (1983) and the Gavilan SC, announced in 1983 but first sold in 1984. The Gavilan was notably the first computer to be marketed as a "laptop." It was also equipped with a pioneering touchpad-like pointing device, installed on a panel above the keyboard. Like the GriD Compass, the Gavilan and the Sharp were housed in clamshell cases, but they were partly IBM-compatible, although primarily running their own system software. Both had LCD displays, and had optional printers that attached to their cases. Misconceptions about laptops * NEC - VERSA, LaVie * Winbook * Most modern laptops use an active matrix display with resolutions of 1024 by 768 pixels (XGA) and above, screen sizes 10 inch (250 mm) or larger, and have a PC-Card expansion bay for expansion cards, formerly called PCMCIA. Internal hard disks are physically smaller—2.5 inch (64 mm) compared to the standard desktop 3.5 inch (90 mm) drive—and usually have lower performance and power consumption. Display adapters and sound cards are integrated. Modern laptops can often handle sophisticated games, but tend to be limited by their fixed screen resolution and display adapter type.

* Relion * Overam - Mirage series Another notable computer was the Cambridge Z88, designed by Clive Sinclair, introduced in 1988. About the size of an A4 sheet of paper, it ran on standard batteries, and contained basic spreadsheet, word processing, and communications programs. Although it anticipated the future miniaturization of the portable computer, as a ROM-based machine with a small display it can — like the TRS-80 Model 100 — also be seen as a foreruner of the PDA. * Sager - NP series * Medion See also 1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Although it was at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who saw its potential and marketed it as the Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201, and [1] Radio Shack TRS-80_Model_100_line or Tandy 100. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. The Tandy's internal programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a terminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and are thought to have been written in part by Bill Gates himself. The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8×40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US $300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed less than 2 kg (4 lb) with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 x 8.5 x 1.75 inches). Initial specs included 8 kb of RAM (expandable to 24 kb) and a 3 MHz processor. However this may not remain a misconception for long. Some newer laptops, for example Sony VAIO ultraportables, come with GSM cellphone-based wireless networking capablities, and it is possible to buy add-on PC card GSM modems which provide the same functionality for machines not so equipped. With these, a form of wireless broadband networking is available wherever there is cellphone coverage. Although this is much touted as an ideal business solution, the 'broadband' speeds are low compared to wired connections and the service is prohibitively expensive for most users at the time of writing (1Q 2006). In the US, wireless broadband offered by Cingular and Verizon starts at around $500 for a year with a minimum 2-year contract and each block of data transferred attracts a charge. Unlimited data plans are available but they would normally only appeal to corporate users.